Non-price Competition

 

Tallinn University of Technology

School of Economics and Business Administrationof Finance and Economicsof Economic Theory








price Competition




Petrov Nikita

Supervisor: Tatjana Polajeva











Tallinn 2014


Table of Contents

non price competition advertising

Introduction

. The essence of non-price competition

.1 Methods of non-price competition

.2 Forms of manifestation of non-price competition

. Non-price competition on the example of "exclusive" company in Saint Petersburg

.1 ISO9000 Certification

Refferences



Introduction


Relevance of the chosen problem is that the market through three mechanisms - competition, supply and demand, pricing - leads the economic system in motion and gives it incentives for further development. Market forces of economic entities to engage in a competitive relationship and constantly supports competition between them. Action market mechanism stimulates entrepreneurs continuously develop new products.market pricing mechanism continuously provides business information on changes in the market, the emergence of new conditions, etc. It affects all market participants, forcing weak entrepreneurs and rewarding the strongest using various methods of competition. Competition is effective mechanisms for competition in the market. It acts as a coercive power, forcing entrepreneurs to fight for an increase in return on capital by seeking new forms and methods of production, use of new technologies, new ways of organizing, managing the provision of new services. The purpose of the study - to explore the essence of non-price competition.effective and more modern form of competition is to fight for the quality of goods offered in the market. Placing on the market of higher quality products or new use-value complicates the response by the competitor, because " shaping " the quality goes a long cycle, starting with the accumulation of economic, scientific and technical information. As an example, the fact that the well-known Japanese company "SONY" VCR has been developing simultaneously with 10 competing destinations.role of pre-and after-sales service plays for the buyer, because manufacturers need a permanent presence in the area of customer service. Pre-delivery service includes meet the demands of the terms of delivery: reduced regularity, regular deliveries. After-sales service, the creation of various service centers for the product purchased, including the provision of spare parts, repairs, etc.to the great influence on the public media, press advertising is the most important method of competitive struggle, because through advertising can be a certain way to form an opinion of consumers about a particular product both for the better and for the worsethe main advantage of non-price competition - this is the minimum cost spent to improve product quality and to create high-quality advertising company requires fewer resources than maintaining exhausting " price war "aim of the course work was to study the methods of non-price competition. For this purpose, the disclosure of the following tasks:

) Consider the theoretical foundations of non-price competition:

The essence of non-price competition;

Product differentiation, its improvement and diversity;

Methods of price competition;

) To study the features of advertising and packaging, as factors of non-price competition

Features of advertising;

The impact of advertising on sales of products;

Features of the package;

Empirical evidence



1. The essence of non-price competition


#"justify">) Improving the technical characteristics of the goods;

) Improving the adaptability to the needs of consumer goods. (service)price competition by improving the quality of products is called competition for the product. This kind of competition is based on the desire to capture some of the industry market through the issuance of new products or service that are either fundamentally different from the old model, or represent its upgraded version. Competition based on improving quality, is contradictory. On the one hand, is a way to improve the quality of hidden price cuts and market expansion on the other - the "quality" - a subjective assessment, which opens up the possibility of falsification of quality through advertising and beautiful packaging.price competition by improving the marketing of products called competition in sales conditions. This kind of competition is based on improving the service of customer service. Here is the effect on the consumer through advertising improve trade the establishment of service benefits buyers after the purchase of the goods, that is, during its operation.price competition is conducted by reducing costs, improving product and service quality, reliability, better payment terms, warranty and service, improved marketing techniques.more unique product offering, from the point of view of consumers, the more marketing freedom in setting prices higher than those of competing products. Each of the companies acting in the market tends to at least maintain the market share, which it occupies. Basic techniques are required for this competition - the price, the technical level and other quality indicators of the goods, delivery terms payment terms, scope and timing guarantees, and quality of service advertising and other activities., many companies prefer to improve consumer properties of their product while maintaining or even some increase sales prices. With appropriate advertising such "hidden" discount from the price of goods is usually a positive reaction from the modern consumer, which is so often associated with low price poor quality product.market penetration using it based on the development of a new branded product or exclusion of competitors offering similar products also occurs in non-price competition. In the world of success is determined by price competition (especially in Europe, North America, South - East Asia) technical level, product quality and reliability, proven certification in conventional centers, level of service and after-sales service, rather than low prices.of the challenges of the modern theory and practice of organizing the competitive activities of the participants of the market process is to establish the causes and diagnosis of qualitative and quantitative transition conditions of price competition in non-price competition.price competition raises a range of important problems of the market. Among them interbranch mechanism of profits in the form of input-output problems, overcapacity, the impact on sales of non-price factors preferences and choices, competitiveness, cost of consumption.price competition - competition method, which is based on no price advantage over competitors, and achieve a higher quality, technical level of technological excellence, with greater reliability, longer life and other more sophisticated consumer properties.role in non-price competition play: design, packaging, subsequent maintenance, and advertisingprice competition minimizes price as a factor in consumer demand, allocating goods or services through the promotion packing, delivery, service, availability, and other marketing factors.example, the company is trying to attract more potential buyers beautiful packaging or offer the consumer more favorable compared to the competitor conditions. The most important element of price competition is advertising. Advertising can help the company increase its market share and attract consumers.price competition sellers move consumer demand curves, emphasizing the distinctive features of its products. This allows the company to increase sales at a given price or sell at the initial amount higher.risk in this case due to the fact that consumers cannot be regarded as a dealer better than the competition. In this case they will buy cheaper goods, which, in their view, similar to more expensive. Firm based on price competition should reduce prices to increase sales.products is an important means of implementing technical innovations and improvements to the product over time. The improvement of the product may be growing in two different senses. First, a successful product improvement of one firm or obliges competitors to imitate, if they can do it, surpass temporary market advantage from this company, otherwise they cannot avoid losses. Second, profits derived from the successful improvement of the product may be used to finance its further improvement. However, again there are significant criticisms of the product changes that may occur in conditions of monopolistic competition. Critics point out that many of the changes in the product are more apparent than real. They represent minor temporary changes in the product, which does not increase its durability, effectiveness or usefulness. More exotic container, packaging or bright " guidance shine " often constitute the main lines of product changes. It is also proved that, especially in the case of consumer durables goods and a limited period of use may be modified by the principle of " planned obsolescence " where firms improves, your product exactly to the extent necessary in order to make the average buyer to feel dissatisfaction with last year's model.


1.1 Methods of non-price competition


#"justify">The introduction of new products (product differentiation);

The introduction of products that have new consumer properties, improved quality, more advanced design, more beautiful packaging (differentiation of consumer properties of goods)second kind of differentiation will apply when:

The organization aims to expand its list of consumer properties of goods

The organization is trying to expand the list of market segments of manufactured goods

The organization intends to achieve recognition on a relatively small sector of the market due to the diversity of products offered

Introduction of new forms of corrupt and after-sales service to attract new categories of consumers, encourage more frequent use of goods and one-time purchase more goodssecond group of methods of sales promotion. These short-term measures of monetary or material nature to encourage the purchase of goods.promotion is a multi-pronged focus. Target selection depends on the subject of the upcoming impact - the consumer or reseller.consumer has the greatest importance, and all the marketing policy is reduced to the effects on the consumer. The goal of stimulating in this case can be reduced to increase the number of customers or increase the quantity of goods purchased by the same buyer. By means of sales promotion for buyers include: samples per sample bonuses, lottery, markdowns, trade discount, coupons, sales, games and competitions, clubs consumers ' label event. " Reseller, as a natural link between producer and consumer, is a specific object of incentive in this case performs regulatory functions. In this case the goal of stimulating can be directed to:

Give product a certain image, to make it easily recognizable;

Increase the amount of goods entering the distribution network;of sales promotion for resellers are premiums and gifts, shopping premiums, reimbursement of expenses for advertising, prizes, exhibition sales, souvenirs, and shopping brochure.should constantly compare and analyze alternatives sell his goods, to revise prices and discounts depending on changes in the market.third group of methods of advertising and public relations.- is disseminated in any form by any means information about the natural or legal persons, goods, ideas and initiatives, which is designed for a specific group of people and is intended to form or maintain an interest in the natural or legal persons, goods, ideas and initiatives and facilitate sale of goods, ideas and initiatives.advertising is the most massive and most expensive form of advertising. Currently in Russia and one advertising campaign will not be completed without advertising on TV.advertising is an essential part of our everyday life. However, its main difficulty lies in the fact that quite difficult to separate from the audience of potential buyers and get them to listen to exactly the program, under which is advertising. Can affect feelings with appropriate tunes noises and voices that portray exciting mental images. Radio uses three main instruments for transmitting messages:

Voice helps listeners to imagine the characters;

Music conducive to better memorization;

Sound effects are used to transfer the situation in which the action takes place.of advertising in newspapers and magazines is determined to do this edition, a good text, catchy design text , a good placement of text on the strip Publishing , correct timing and frequency of the publication . In order to choose the most appropriate publication is necessary to compile a list of all the newspapers and other periodicals, capable of achieving the desired group of potential buyers.main function of the outdoor advertising is reinforcement and the addition of advertising placed in other media.outdoor advertising plays a major role repetition factor so the budget must be drawn up on the basis of the need to purchase specially selected places that regularly come to the attention of many people.engaging in planning advertising should identify consumers' demands and its relevance to the product evaluate the level of competition in the market, that is, to conduct market research. Modern marketing recommends complex and use different types of advertising media. Complexity must ensure maximum coverage of the selected segment. Each potential customer needs to provide the necessary information about buying the product. The resulting efficiency of the sales of goods indicates optimal saturation advertising. Saturation advertising - the volume of all promotional activities in a given period of time in the selected market sector. The value of this volume is estimated to cost promotions. Efficiency is defined by the ratio of sales of products (total requests for products to saturation promotional activities during the reporting period).type of product in a particular market has its optimum saturation, ie the effectiveness of advertising has special laws. Change in volume of products (advertising effectiveness) is directly dependent on the substance and used advertising media. When insufficient saturation advertising costs are rising faster than effectiveness. Funds invested in promotional activities, are used most effectively when the saturation advertising reaches an optimal level.further increase in costs does not lead to the desired results: the effect of sales remains at an optimum level, the increase in advertising spending decreases expected profit. Too limited budget for advertising products are sold slowly, the company makes a loss, the effect of " anti-advertising ".enables businesses to develop recommendations for the selection of the most profitable types of promotional activities and encourage advertising in accordance with a certain type of product and the specific market for a given period of time. These patterns for different kinds of goods are almost identical., the income from the sale of a product is largely determined by advertising and its ability to convince the buyer to make a choice in favor of the proposed.along with the methods of good non-price competition, there are other, less legitimate methods of competition: The main methods are:

Economic (industrial espionage)

Forgery of competitors' products

Bribery and blackmail

Consumer fraud

Manipulation of business reporting

Currency manipulation

Concealment of defects, etc.


1.2 Forms of manifestation of non-price competition


#"justify">2. Non-price competition on the example of "exclusive" company in Saint Petersburg


"Exclusive" company is a large company, which sells tires, disks (cars and trucks), does warranty maintenance, service and makes car engine repair service. 500 employees work in this company. There are 12 spots all over the Saint Petersburg. Some of them even work 24h.of tires and disks is very high, so the competition always exists. All the competitors dont have such quality service and the variety of products, thats what helps "Exclusive" to survive in such a big megapolis. Company is always expending by making more trade spots and hiring more quality specialist. All the workers are professionally trained to improve their quality, when new introduction of unique services is made. Comparing with the other companies "exclusive" tries to capture the market and get more potential customers by satisfying their desires and wants. New rules and innovations are always made by the head of directors (packaging, services, and warranty maintenance).price promotion ("Exclusive")

Best service

Better service and professionalism of staff

Extras client: delay, delivery

Creating additional value of the goods

Innovative packaging

Warranty maintenance

If managers need to quickly promote a product on the market, they can do so without sacrificing the benchmark or market perception of value. One of the common practices - give consumers free samples or provide a product small group of customers who have influence on the market. Other - provide consumers with free trial period for testing. Both methods accelerate the market penetration of the product without compromising its price points .


2.1 ISO9000 Certification


(#"justify">Cost savings - International Standards help optimize operations and therefore improve the bottom line

Enhanced customer satisfaction - International Standards help improve quality, enhance customer satisfaction and increase sales

Access to new markets - International Standards help prevent trade barriers and open up global markets

Increased market share - International Standards help increase productivity and competitive advantage

Environmental benefits - International Standards help reduce negative impacts on the environment


Conclusions

analysis of a non-price competition has shown that the most important methods of non-price competition are advertising, quality, packaging, product differentiation, unique quality service, the warranty maintenance and the excellent customer service. Non-price competition is the method that is based on no price advantage over competitors, and achieves a higher quality technical level of technological excellence, with greater reliability, longer life and other more sophisticated consumer properties.most significant aspect of the non-price competition is that the companies try to compete on other methods except price. This gives the main idea that the companies should look at the other aspects of the business such as quality, advertising and customer relationships in order to stay competitive in the market., non-price competition method is implied to enforce the different methods of product differentiation. Differentiation means that the product company has properties that distinguish it from other similar competitor products, which significantly expands consumer choice., the excellent quality maintenance plays the crucial role in the attraction of the consumers attention to the product or the service that a company offers.there are the most significant methods of non-competition strategies such as:of non-price competition are:

) Attractive design and advertising products (packaging, style, brand name, etc.) .

) The best selling system and after-sales service (hire purchase, warranty and service, delivery to your home, etc.);

) Provision of technical excellence, quality and reliability of the products;

) Excellent9 quality EX:(ISO 9000)


Refferences


Obrazovatelnii Portal. Brianskaya Gosudarstvinaya Selskohoziastvinaya Academiya. (In Russian)://www.bgsha.com/ru/portal_map/search.php?tags=&q=%ED%E5%F6%E5%ED%EE%E2%E0%FF+%EA%EE%ED%EA%F3%F0%E5%ED%F6%E8%FF&where=&how=r (12.12.2013)

Aleksanina D.M, Kulikov S.E. Sovershenaya Koncurencia. (In Russian)

http://economics.wideworld.ru/microeconomics/competition/ (07.12.2013)v rinochnoy economice. Osnovi economicheskoy teorii. (In Russian)://econominfo.ru/view-article.php?id=258 (17.11.2013)Heakal. Economics Basics: Monopolies, Oligopolies and Perfect Competition.://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics6.asp (01.12.2013)Guest. How to eliminate price comprtition.://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28AXPdTPJEo (05.12.2013)Kasper. Competition.://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Competition.html (15.12.2013)Lazonick. What's "Perfect" About Perfect Competition? A Prosperous Economy Needs Innovators.://www.huffingtonpost.com/william-lazonick/whats-perfect-about-perfe_b_945519.html (08.12.2013). Perfect competition.://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/microeconomics/perfect-competition-topic/perfect-competition/v/perfect-competition (12.12.2013)Adams. The World's Most Competitive Countries.://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2013/05/30/the-worlds-most-competitive-countries/ (01.12.2013)L.I, Nelepov A.U. Osobenosti cenovoi i necenovoi concurenci na tovarnih rinkah Rossii. (In Russian)://ecsocman.hse.ru/data/2011/10/20/1267240467/23.pdf (19.12.2013)


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